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Recommended Other Websites

Visit Today's Links on Tomalak's Realm daily and you will have an overview of everything good to read on the Web that day.

Home Page Spotlights

List of links and sites that have been spotlighted with commentary on the useit.com home page.

Web Design and Usability

See the Usable Web site for the ultimate comprehensive collection of useful links. Also see Wilson's Web Marketing Info Center for many links related to business-enhancing design.

Ziff-Davis' DevHead has a special section on Web usability and CNet's Builder.com often runs stories about Web usability.
Recommended: navigation design, stages in the Web design process, websites for kids

"Web pages that suck" is a series of critiques of poor Web design. The examples are wonderful(ly bad) and I find myself in agreement with the author's analysis about 95 percent of the time. Probably the highest scoring other Web site in terms of agreeing with me. (This site has proven so popular that an extended version has been published on dead trees.)

Regular Columns

I highly recommend Bruce "Tog" Tognazzini's monthly AskTog column: mostly about user interfaces for Web applications. Extremely well written.

The Web Architect column in Web Review Magazine is written by two folks who not only have plenty of practical Web experience but also understand many of the more fundamental concepts that determine what will work.
Recommended: Designing Tables of Contents, A-Z lists as supplementary navigation aides, Web architecture (page design vs. site design), semi-regulated intranets, push, frames, metaphor, continuous change
Web Review also used to run a good column on Web usability, called Usability Matters, but no new columns have been posted for quite some time.
Recommended: stress testing a site

Steve Outing's "Stop The Presses" (great name!) is a column on interactive newspapers. Yes, newspapers are very conservative (they won't admit that dead trees are a poor medium for classified ads), but they do understand useful content.
Recommended: Ethics of integrating editorial content and e-commerce (continued in a second column), the best Web service gives users the least information (review of the book Data Smog), using print media to promote online media, WebTV compared with videotex, mailing lists

About.com (originally known under the more interesting name The Mining Company) has special sections with weekly columns and "finds" from across the Web. Includes: Web design, intranet design, online advertising (I don't believe Web ads work but they are interesting to read about), graphic design, the "Internet industry", technical writing, and HTML.
Recommended: centralized vs. decentralized control of intranet design, accessibility

Microsoft

Frames

WebWeek interviews webmasters who have given up on frames and Web Review analyzes the conceptual reasons frames are bad.

Animation and Special Effects

WebWeek editorial on design restraint; Netscapeworld article on animation

Other Issues

Usability labs with good websites: IBM, Lotus Notes

Research

There is not a lot of good research about Web design yet since most people go by trial-and-error instead of taking a principled aproach.
The GVU user surveys from Georgia Tech are a major source of raw data about the changing Web user experience, having done every half year since January 1994. The surveys typically have more than 10,000 respondents.

Mark Bernstein's HypertextNOW column often has interesting observations about the relation between hypertext theory and the Web. While I don't agree with all his designs, Bernstein is one of the few other people on the Web with more than ten years' hypertext experience, so his arguments are always worth thinking about.
Recommended: Akscyn's law (why fast link traversal is essential), showing links, advertising anchors, recurrence (returning to a previously visited node), 3D views

Special issue of the International Journal of Human-Computer Studies about Web usability (1997)
Recommended: How people revisit Web pages (about 60 percent of the pages a user visits have already been seen by that user in the past) and Information-abundant Web sites

Frank Halasz' "seven issues in hypertext, revisited" from 1991 is a classic: Halasz summarized decades of hypertext research and experience with early systems to come up with seven major issues that will need to be resolved if large-scale hypertexts (like the Web, hint) are to be successful. A more recent talk by Randy Trigg (also from Xerox PARC) revisits several of Halasz' fundamental issues in light of the Web.

The ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia and the Web, SIGWEB, is a group of researchers interested in the theory of online information. Most of the work is not immediately applicable to Web design, given the primitive nature of current browsers. Instead, it forms the foundation for the next generation of the Web, and nobody should be allowed to touch the specs of IE without familiarizing themselves with this body of work.

Workshops and Conferences

I recommend the annual conference on Human Factors and the Web. The next conference will be in Austin, TX on June 19, 2000. The last conference was sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD on June 3, 1999 (see conference report in Washington Technology).

The fourth conference in the series was sponsored by AT&T Labs in New Jersey on June 5, 1998. The third conference was held on June 12, 1997 in Denver, Colorado, sponsored by U S WEST Communications. The second conference, hosted by Microsoft, focused on empirical results and had several good papers (even though it is striking how relatively few aspects of Web usability have been studied with real data).

Other workshops: differences between Web browsing and net-enabled applications (April 1998), time and the Web (mainly about response time delays; June 1997), hypermedia usability and the Web (May, 1996), HCI and the Web (April 1996), hypermedia research and the Web (March 1996), and electronic information seeking (October 1995).

General User Interface Design Issues

The "Bad Designs" site presents many good design lessons illustrated with everyday things. The Interface Hall of Shame contains good analyses of many poorly chosen GUI elements.

The leading professional conference on user interface issues is the annual ACM CHI (computer-human interaction) conference. CHI 2000 will take place April 1-6, 2000 in The Hague in The Netherlands. The CHI 98 Proceedings collected the best current research papers in human-computer interaction in a single volume.

I recommend the Usability Professionals' Association's annual conferences for hands-on information on improving usability.

Scientific American had a feature story on the low productivity of computer users and how usability might improve the situation.
FEED Magazine had a debate in September 1996 on "Beyond the Desktop", where several user interface experts discussed various next-generation interface issues like 3D and large navigation spaces.

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